Fire protection is an essential aspect in the planning and installation of photovoltaic systems. As solar energy becomes more widespread, this aspect becomes even more critical. Statistics from the German Solar Industry Association (BSW) show that there were between 75 and 100 fire incidents per year in Germany between 2020 and 2022 that were directly related to photovoltaic systems.
How do fires start in photovoltaic systems?
The main causes of fires in photovoltaic systems are usually technical defects. These are often caused by errors in the installation, lack of maintenance or damage to the modules or the cables. According to the Association of Property Insurers (VdS), about 80% of fires are caused by such technical defects.
What role do safety standards and certifications play?
The use of high-quality materials and components as well as compliance with safety standards and certifications play a decisive role in fire protection. Products with certifications such as VDE or TÜV provide indications of quality and safety. But correct installation by skilled personnel is also crucial. Statistics show that about 70% of technical defects are due to faulty installations.
How can fire protection measures be improved?
There are various ways to improve the fire protection of photovoltaic systems. These include professional planning and installation, regular maintenance and checks, as well as the use of fire detectors and special fire protection switches. In addition, architectural measures such as the installation of fire compartments or the use of non-combustible substructures can also help to minimise the risk of fire.
What is the future of fire protection for photovoltaic systems?
In the future, fire protection for photovoltaic systems is likely to become even more important. As solar energy continues to expand, it is expected that the number of fire incidents could also increase. It is therefore important that the industry and authorities continue to work on developing and improving fire protection standards and technologies. Current research projects, such as the "Fire protection in photovoltaic systems" project funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, bear witness to this effort.
What effects do fires have on photovoltaic systems?
Fires have a serious impact on photovoltaic systems. Apart from the obvious damage to property and potential danger to human life, they can also interrupt electricity production for long periods of time. The cost of repairing fire damage can be high, especially if it is necessary to replace entire modules or parts of the plant.
How important is staff training for fire safety?
One of the most effective measures to prevent fires in photovoltaic systems is staff training. Installers, operators and maintenance personnel should be trained in fire safety regulations and know how to react in case of fire. Studies show that well-trained personnel can reduce the risk of fires caused by technical defects by up to 60%.
What role do fire detection and extinguishing systems play?
The installation of fire detection and extinguishing systems can help to detect and fight fires in photovoltaic systems at an early stage. Such systems can automatically sound the alarm if they detect overheating or a fire, and also independently initiate extinguishing measures if necessary. However, their installation is often complex and costly, which has limited their spread so far.